What is WiFi Channel and Channel Width?

WiFi is the most widely used wireless communication technology in the world today. It enables us to connect to the internet and other devices without using physical cables. One of the crucial concepts in WiFi networking is channels. In simple terms, a WiFi channel is a frequency band in which the data is transmitted between the router and the device. However, the WiFi Channel width plays a critical role in wireless network performance and user experience, which is the amount of spectrum used to transmit data.

Therefore, it is highly recommended to have a thorough understanding of both concepts to optimize wireless network performance. Try to choose channels with fewer devices, avoid using heavy duty applications in a crowded network, or use 5GHz Wi-Fi, as it usually has a more significant channel width compared to 2.4GHz.

What is WiFi Channel?

WiFi channels are the small segment of frequencies that your wireless router uses to send and receive data between your devices and the internet. For better understanding, Think of WiFi channels as different lanes on the highway. Each channel transmits data on a specific frequency, and choosing a less congested lane improves your connection speed and stability. WiFi operates in two main frequencies; 2.4GHz frequency band(Wider coverage but more crowded) and 5GHz frequency band(Less congested, offering faster speeds but with slightly shorter range).

• There are 14 channels available in 2.4GHz frequency band (From channel 1 to channel 14). But for technical reasons , Only 3 channels (1,6,11) are Non-Overlapping (More efficient).
• There are 25 channels available in 5GHz frequency band , But only 8 channels are defined for indoor usage.

 

What is WiFi Channel Width?

Channel width, on the other hand, refers to the size of the channel your router is using to transmit data. Generally, a wider channel width can provide faster performance as it allows more data to be transmitted at once. However, wider channels can also cause more interference with nearby WiFi networks, so it’s important to choose the right channel width for your particular environment to ensure optimal performance and compatibility with other nearby networks.

Basically , each frequency bands (2.4GHz or 5GHz) has a specific allowed range to be use in WiFi networks. For technical reasons,  the standard organizations have divided these range to channels (14 channels in 2.4GHz and 25 channels in 5GHz frequency bands) , each with specific broad, which is known as Channel Width.

In the 2.4GHz band, the width of each channel is 20MHz, but in the 5GHz band, the width of each channel can be 20,40,80 or 160 MHz. The width of WiFi channel determines how much data can pass through the channel  in a period of time. Suppose the channel as a highway and the channel width as highway’s width. The wider the highway, the more traffic (data) can pass through. By increasing the channel width, we can increase the speed and throughput of WiFi network. ( Read More : WiFi Standards Chart )

Which Channel Width Should I Use?

In theory, the wider channel provides more bandwidth, but you should consider the effect of interferences and devices compatibility. Choosing the right WiFi channel width is crucial for optimizing both the performance and reliability of your wireless network. The appropriate width can vary based on several factors, including the type of devices connected, the density of nearby networks, and the physical environment.

Read More: How to Boost WiFi Signal With Aluminum Foil

Now that you know the channel and channel width concepts, we can make a right decision for channel width selection. Here’s a detailed guide on when to use different channel widths:

 

When to Use 20 MHz Channel Width?

A 20 MHz channel width is typically used when there is a high density of devices or interference in the surrounding environment. It provides better throughput performance and can help in reducing interference from neighboring networks.

• In 2.4GHz Band

Use 20 MHz channel width in 2.4GHz band, in such cases :

• • • When you have a 2.4GHz-only router.

• • • When you have legacy client devices.

• • • If you have high interferences around you.

• • • When you want to have maximum coverage.

With 20 MHz channel-Width in 2.4GHz  band, you will have 3 non-Overlapping channels(1,6,11).

• In 5GHz Band

Use 20 MHz channel width in 5GHz band, in such cases :

• • • When you want to have maximum coverage.

• • • When you want to deploy WiFi network in a high-density environment.

With 20 MHz channel-Width in 5GHz band , you will have 8 non-Overlapping channels(36,40,44,48,149,153,157,161).

Scenarios:

• You live in a densely populated urban area with many overlapping WiFi networks.
• Your home includes devices that are older and not capable of supporting higher bandwidths.

When to Use 40MHz Channel Width?

40 MHz channel width is typically used to increase the data transmission rate. It allows for wider frequency bands to be utilized and can provide higher throughput compared to the standard 20MHz channel width. The 40 MHz channel Width is created  by Bonding two 20MHz channels, commonly used in 5GHz band. The 40MHz channel Width enables you to improve performance compared to 20 MHz channel width.

However, it is important to note that using a 40 MHz channel width also consumes a larger portion of the available spectrum. This can lead to potential interference issues, particularly in densely populated areas where multiple Wi-Fi networks are operating in close proximity. It is recommended to only use 40MHz channel width when there is minimal interference and a relatively clear wireless environment. Before setting your router to 40MHz Channel Width , check the interference level by WiFi-Analyzer tools to find the optimal channel.

With 40 MHz channel-Width in 5GHz band , you will have 4 non-Overlapping channels(38,46,151,159)

Balancing Speed and Reliability:

• Moderately Crowded Areas: 40 MHz channels are suitable for environments with moderate WiFi congestion and can effectively double the throughput compared to 20 MHz, without a significant increase in interference.
• Mixed Device Environments: If your network hosts both newer and older devices, setting your router to 40 MHz allows for a good balance between speed and compatibility.

Scenarios:

• You want faster speeds for streaming HD video or online gaming, and your area isn’t heavily congested with other networks.
• Your devices support dual-band WiFi (2.4GHz and 5GHz) and can take advantage of the wider channel without sacrificing stability.

When to Use 80MHz Channel Width?

You should use an 80 MHz channel width in Wi-Fi networks when you have ample available spectrum and want to provide higher data rates and faster performance. However, there are a few considerations to keep in mind:

• • Interference: Using a wider channel width can increase the likelihood of interference from other nearby networks or devices. It is important to ensure that there is minimal interference in the environment before using an 80MHz channel width.
  • Compatible devices: Not all devices support 80MHz channel widths. Older devices or devices that do not support the 802.11ac Wi-Fi standard may not be able to connect or benefit from the wider channel width.
  • Channel availability: An 80 MHz channel width requires a larger chunk of available spectrum. In crowded or dense areas with limited available channels, it may not be feasible to use 80 MHz widths without causing interference to neighboring networks.

Optimized for High Performance:

• Low Interference Conditions: When minimal interference from other networks is present, an 80 MHz channel width can significantly enhance data rates, ideal for high-speed internet activities.
• Modern Devices: Use 80 MHz for networks primarily consisting of modern devices that support the latest WiFi standards (802.11ac/ax), which can fully utilize the wider channels for maximum performance.

Scenarios:

• You have a high-speed internet connection and devices capable of streaming ultra-high-definition content or engaging in high-bandwidth gaming.
• Your home or office is in a relatively isolated location with few nearby networks, reducing the likelihood of interference.

The 80MHz channel Width is supported by WiFi 5 (802.11ac) and WiFi 6 (802.11ax) devices, with only 2 non-overlapping channels. So, increases the possibility of interference. Consider in mind that due to technical reasons, for maximum performance with 80 MHz (and 160MHz), devices need to be close to the router. Typically , the 80Mhz is using for Mesh-backhaul and bridging between routers.

With 80 MHz Channel-Width, you will have 2 non-Overlapping channels(42,155).

When to Use 160 MHz Channel Width?

While 160 MHz channel width is available in Wi-Fi 5 and optimized in Wi-Fi 6, it currently has limited practical use due to the need for a large, clear frequency space and challenges with compatibility and interference. Read More : WiFi 6 Technical Specifications.

The 160 MHz channel width, with only 1 non-overlapping channel, is typically used for scenarios with high client density and limited neighboring WiFi interference. Also offers superior performance, allowing for efficient data distribution among multiple users. However, it is important to note that not all devices support 160MHz channel width, and it requires a wide channel space to fully operate. Therefore, it is mainly suitable for advanced home users or small business environments with few nearby Wi-Fi networks.

For Cutting-Edge Network Needs:

• Advanced Applications: 160 MHz is the broadest channel width available and provides the highest throughput, suitable for extremely bandwidth-intensive applications.
• Low-Density, High-Performance Environments: Ideal for settings where network congestion is minimal, and the device ecosystem is equipped to handle such a wide channel.

Scenarios:

• You are using applications that require ultra-fast data transfer rates, such as virtual reality setups or professional-grade streaming.
• Your environment is uniquely suited to benefit from 160 MHz, with minimal interference and devices that support the latest WiFi 6 (802.11ax) technology.

Remember, wider channels also sacrifice coverage area. So, if coverage is crucial in larger spaces, stick to narrower channels. Ultimately, the decision to utilize 160 MHz depends on your specific needs: number of users, neighboring Wi-Fi presence, device compatibility, desired range, and available spectrum. Choose wisely!

Summarized Table

This table simplifies the world of WiFi channels and channel width, helping you pick the perfect settings for a faster, smoother online experience.

Frequency Band	Channel Width	Use Case
2.4GHz	20MHz	Older devices, High interference, Prioritize coverage
5GHz	20MHz	Maximum coverage, High-density environments
5GHz	40MHz	Higher speeds, Less coverage, fewer nearby networks (check compatibility)
5GHz	80MHz	High-performance, minimal interference, compatible devices, Less coverage compared to narrower channels
5GHz	160MHz	Ultra High-performance, Advanced, limited nearby WiFi, compatible devices, Less coverage compared to narrower channels

General Advice: Always monitor your network performance after changing the channel width. Tools like WiFi analyzers can help you see the impact of these changes and whether adjustments are necessary to optimize your setup. Remember, the best channel width for your needs depends heavily on your specific environment and the devices you use. Experimenting with settings and continuously monitoring performance will help you achieve the best balance of speed, reliability, and coverage.

Real-World Channel Width Optimization

In a bustling urban apartment complex, residents were experiencing slow internet speeds and intermittent connectivity, particularly during evening hours when usage peaked. The complex’s network administrator decided to conduct a WiFi channel optimization to address these issues.

Before Adjustment

• Initial Setup: The network was initially set up with routers broadcasting on both 2.4GHz and 5GHz frequencies using the maximum channel width available.
• User Complaints: Residents reported frequent buffering during streaming, difficulty in connecting multiple devices, and general sluggishness in internet speeds.

Adjustment Process

• Channel Width Analysis: Using a WiFi analyzer tool, the administrator noted high interference on the 2.4GHz band due to overlapping channels with nearby networks.
• Adjustment Implementation: The channel width on 2.4GHz was reduced from 40MHz to 20MHz to decrease overlap and interference. The 5GHz band was adjusted to use 40MHz width instead of 80MHz to balance speed and interference.

After Adjustment

• Improved Stability: Post-adjustment, users noted a marked improvement in connection stability and a decrease in instances of buffering.
• Feedback Collection: Follow-up surveys indicated higher user satisfaction with network performance, especially during peak usage times.

Environmental Considerations: Minimizing Electromagnetic Interference

When optimizing your home or office WiFi, considering environmental and health aspects related to electromagnetic interference is crucial.

Strategies for Reducing WiFi Signal Interference

• Optimal Router Placement: Position routers away from large metal objects and appliances that emit electromagnetic waves to reduce interference.
• Appropriate Channel Width Selection: Utilize narrower channel widths in densely populated areas to decrease the chance of overlapping with other networks, which can lead to signal interference.

Health Considerations

• Minimizing Exposure: By optimizing the channel width and router placement, you not only enhance network efficiency but also potentially reduce the household’s overall exposure to electromagnetic fields, aligning with general precautions about prolonged exposure to electromagnetic radiation.

Energy Efficiency

• Lower Transmission Power: Efficiently managed network settings, including appropriate channel widths, can allow devices to maintain connectivity with lower transmission power, conserving energy and extending the life of the device.

Conclusion

WiFi channels and channel width, all figured out! Remember, it’s like choosing the right lane on a highway for your data traffic. Think about your devices, your environment, and your need for speed, then pick the settings that give you the smoothest ride. Don’t be afraid to experiment and find what works best for you! And if you get stuck, check your router manual or ask your internet provider for help. Happy surfing!

Share Your Experience

Now that you’re armed with your channel width knowledge, let’s take it to the next level! Share your experiences using different channels and channel widths in the comments below.

Did you notice a speed boost with 40MHz on 5GHz? Did 20MHz in 2.4GHz offer better coverage in your apartment building?

Your insights can help others navigate the WiFi maze and enjoy smoother connections. Remember, the more information we share, the faster everyone gets online!